

Strengthening the EU ETS as an investment driver by increasing the pace of annual cap reduction to 2.2% as of 2021, and reinforcing the Market Stability Reserve (the mechanism established by the EU to reduce the surplus of emission allowances in the carbon market and to improve the EU ETS's resilience to future shocks).The legislative framework of the EU ETS for phase 4 was revised in 2018 to ensure emissions reductions in support of the EU's 2030 emissions reduction target (of -40% relative to 1990 level) and as part of the EU's contribution to the Paris Agreement. Now into its fourth trading phase (2021-2030), the ETS framework has undergone several revisions to maintain the system’s alignment with the overarching EU climate policy objectives. The legislative framework of the European carbon market is spelled out in the ETS Directive. in the aviation sector, until 31 December 2023 the EU ETS will apply only to flights between airports located in the European Economic Area.certain small installations can be excluded if governments put in place fiscal or other measures that will cut their emissions by an equivalent amount,.in some sectors, only installations above a certain size are included,.Participation in the EU ETS is mandatory for companies in these sectors, but perfluorocarbons (PFCs) from production of aluminium.nitrous oxide (N 2O) from production of nitric, adipic and glyoxylic acids and glyoxal.commercial aviation within the European Economic Area.energy-intensive industry sectors including oil refineries, steel works, and production of iron, aluminium, metals, cement, lime, glass, ceramics, pulp, paper, cardboard, acids and bulk organic chemicals,.The EU ETS covers the following sectors and gases, focusing on emissions that can be measured, reported and verified with a high level of accuracy:
